The hard and rigid exoskeleton also provides protection from predatory animals. Just like the Endoskeleton in mammals and other animals, the exoskeleton helps the body by supporting and protecting them. (image will be uploaded soon) What is an Exoskeleton?Īn exoskeleton is a hard surface that covers the exterior of most animals, known as the invertebrates (an animal that lacks a backbone, for e.g., arthropod, mollusk, annelid, coelenterates, etc.). The appendicular skeleton is made up of the legs and feet, the arm bones, the pelvic girdle, and the shoulder blades, which support the structure and protect the limbs. The axial skeleton, which is made up of the skull, the rib cage, and the vertebral column, performs the function to protect the fragile organs like the heart, the liver, the kidneys, and the lungs. Without an endoskeleton, the body would have no shape whatsoever, and for e.g., a human would not be able to stand up on its own. The first and foremost function of the Endoskeleton is to protect and support the body. Endoskeleton is composed of bones and connective tissues including cartilage, ligament and tendons. The term "endoskeleton" comes from the Greek words "endon" which means "inner" or "inside," and "skeletons" which means "skeleton." The endoskeleton provides the foundation to the body and it gives physical strength and support to the body of an animal and also protects vital organs such as, lungs, heart, brain, kidney, etc. The endoskeleton is the interior bone and cartilaginous skeleton of vertebrates that provides support and protection. A lot of vertebrates (an animal that possesses a backbone or a spinal column) like mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and fishes have an endoskeleton that is composed of tissues in the form of bones and cartilages. The Endoskeleton supports the structure and also protects the vulnerable organs and internal tissues. Based on its arrangement on the body, the skeleton can be divided into two types, endoskeleton and exoskeleton.Īn Endoskeleton is a framework of rigid and hard tissues, also known as bones inside an organism’s body. In genetic terms, the skeleton is a protective and supporting framework for an animal's body. The endoskeleton provides this support and protection to vertebrates, whereas invertebrates rely on the exoskeleton. Such support and protection can be offered by the skeleton. ![]() The size of the insect is limited by the rate of oxygen conveyed into the insect body.Support and protection are required for all animals, including vertebrates and invertebrates. The intake of oxygen is processed through diffusion in most of the smaller insects and the large insects demand active ventilation for the intake of the gases. This will permit the increase in the size of the insect body inside the exoskeleton. These sacs are filled with air to enlarge the body of the insects during the process of molting which is the removal of the old exoskeleton with a larger one. The buoyancy of the aquatic insects is regulated by the air stored in the air sacs of the tracheal tubes. The increased temperature will lead to the evaporative loss of water from the insect body and this water loss is avoided by closing the spiracles and utilizing the air stored in the air sacs. The lack of the formation of the cuticle around certain regions of the trachea will favor the formation of air sacs for reserving the air. The flexible nature of the tracheal tube is provided by the cuticles. The cuticles are wire-like structures encircling the trachea to restrict the collapse upon the rise of pressure. ![]() The ectoderm gives rise to the formation of the tracheal tubes during embryonic development. The cell utilizes the oxygen to carry out the respiration processes of the cells for the production of the ATP molecules to meet the energy demand of the body and discharges the carbon dioxide molecule as a waste product, which is diffused out of the cell and is conveyed through the tracheal tube and is discharged out of the body. The tracheole has liquid for the dissolution of the oxygen molecule transported by the trachea and the gases are conveyed via the plasma membrane into the cell. ![]() Tracheole is located at the internal terminal region of the trachea to mediate the interchange of the gases between the tissue and the tracheal tube. ![]() The tracheal tubes are separated as tubes with small diameters and are circulated throughout the arthropod body. The longitudinal tracheal trunk receives the gases from the spiracles and the gases are further conveyed to the tracheal tubes arranged as networks.
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